April 2009

India Wins Newzealand In Test series as 1-0

• The Indian cricketers, having emerged triumphant in a Test series in New Zealand for the first time after 41 seasons, were accorded warm welcome upon their return home on April 9.

• They returned home in batches in different cities after having done a fabulous job in New Zealand. The victorious skipper Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Man-of-the-Series Gautam Gambhir, opener Virender Sehwag, fast bowler Ishant Sharma and leg-spinner Amit Mishra landed in capital New Delhi while the legendary batsman Sachin Tendulkar alongwith spearhead Zaheer Khan, off-spinner Harbhajan Singh, medium-pacer Munaf Patel and young Dhawal Kulkarni disembarked in Mumbai.

• The batting stalwarts Rahul Dravid and VVS Laxman flew into directly to their respective cities, Bangalore and Hyderabad.

• The Indian cricket fans had the reasons to feel proud of their team who had overcome all the obstacles to record their first Test series win in New Zealand after Mansur Ali Khan Pataudi's team had downed them on their own soil in 1967-68.

• The ride has been rough and bumpy for the Indian sides over the years having had to endure the cruelties of the nature besides taking care of their form. What happened in the third and final Test at the Basin Reserve in Wellington was so typical of their fate. It has remained so near yet so far story for them on a number of occasions.

• Their win in the first Test at the Eden Park, Auckland, was their maiden Test triumph on the New Zealand soil for 33 years or so. They should have won handsomely the third Test as well to take the series 2-0. But the manner in which they were robbed of the win in Wellington suggested they might need decades if not centuries to accomplish it.

• The Indians have won so few matches, despite having dominated decisively so many times, that they value their every win much more than any other team despite being in possession of the strongest outfit in the business.

• That could be one reason why the Indians sometimes play cricket that looks unusual if not mind-boggling. They know how difficult it’s for them to complete a win. Therefore they adopt tactics that are different to other teams.

• Sometimes you have to pardon them for not delivering because of their consistent hard luck. They should have aimed for a whitewash over the New Zealanders but their own performance was terrible in the second Test at the McLean Park, Napier, where they had to play out time save the game.

• One is not sure how Dhoni has been labeled as a lucky captain. Yes he may be less unluckier than his predecessors but to expect the luck to go with him is something beyond my comprehension. That’s why he may not be able to have the success rate as high as that of Ricky Ponting or Clive Lloyd despite having the capacity of doing better.

• Ponting and Lloyd didn’t have to fight the nature. They got the value for their performance. Not Dhoni. If he had just normal luck, his side would have won the Wellington Test.

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Malaysian GP 2009

• Jenson managed to win his second race in a row and he even managed to overtake this time. To be fair, I think he ran a good race in difficult circumstances and he deserved this race which was abandoned on lap 32 by monsoon rain.
  
• He grabbed pole on Saturday but made a bad start.
  
• Nico Rosberg who started in 6th made a brilliant start and jumped into the lead followed by Jarno Trulli and Alonso.
  
• Alonso was fat with fuel but Button made a great move to pass him.
  
• He overtook Trulli during the pit stop but when his car was light on fuel, he clocked some of the fastest laps of the race.
  
• I will give him credit for this race! The rain caught a lot of the teams out and those who tried to be clever with their strategy failed.
  
• Usually in Malaysia, when it rains, it rains suddenly and hard.
  
• However on Sunday, the rain took a long time to settle into the downpour that ended the race.
  
• A lot of the teams, expecting a deluge, changed onto extreme wets. However Glock in his Toyota went on to intermediates.
  
• It quickly became apparent that this was a great decision by the team and those that had chosen the extreme wets had to come back to change to intermediates but only a few laps later, had to go back to the extreme wets.
• Ferrari messed up spectacularly.
  

• They pulled Kimi in early and changed him to extreme wets when it did not even look as though it was raining.
  
• He burnt his tyres long before the rain came.
  
• Having started in 9th, he finished back in 14th.
  
• Team mate Massa did not fair much better finishing 9th and out of the points.
  
• It is not a bad finish bearing in mind he started in 16th having made a huge mistake in qualifying, thinking his time was safe.

• There was great racing between Alonso and Mark Webber.
  
• They were passing each other as though they were on Moto GPs.
• They finished the race with Webber in 6th and Alonso 11th.

• The Toyotas who had made the best tyre decisions finished Glock in 3rd and Trulli in 4th.

• Rosberg who was posting the fastest laps at the start of the race got caught by the rain and the pit stops and ended back in 8th which is a very disappointing finish, he deserved so much more.

• Another disastrous weekend for the McLaren team insofar as PR was concerned. Lewis started 13th ahead of Heikki in 14th.
• Heikki did not make it round the first lap whereas Lewis showed his brilliance in the rain making some fantastic overtaking moves to finish 7th.

• Kubica in his BMW retired early with flames coming from the car. He had out qualified team mate Heidfeld having started in 8th ahead of Heidfeld in 11th.
  
• Heidfeld however finished 2nd. Perhaps we will start to see where Kubica stands psychologically.
• We know he threw his toys out of the pram last year when he felt the team did not support his title race.
  
• He is now running a different car to his team mate having refused to try the KERS system.
  
• If Heidfeld continues to put it to good use, Kubica is going to have to change.

• The rain affected race meant that it was abandoned and half points were rewarded. For the full result, see below.

• This is an action packed start to the season but as a McLaren fan, it is not quite what I would want particularly with the threat that McLaren are going to face further sanctions from the F1A.
  
• This seems ridiculous to me.
  
• The team and Lewis were punished by having their Australian points deducted.
  
• The sport now needs to move on and focus on the forthcoming races. To drag out an investigation and potentially an appeal just leaves a black cloud hanging over us.
  
• Bearing in mind the way Schumacher behaved throughout his career, and the lack of penalty he and his team received, it just seems to highlight once again the F1A witch hunt against McLaren.
  
• The only problem is, it is the sport that is the loser.

Resuts

1. Jenson Button
2. Nick Heidfeld
3. Timo Glock
4. Jarno Trulli
5. Rubens Barrichello
6. Mark Webber
7. Lewis Hamilton
8. Nico Rosberg
9. Felipe Massa
10. Sebastien Bourdais
11. Fernando Alonso
12. Kazuki Nakajima
13. Nelson Piquet Jr
14. Kimi Raikkonen
15. Sebastian Vettel
16. Sebastien Buemi
17. Adrian Sutil
18. Giancario Fisichella
RET Robert Kubica
RET Heikki Kovalainen

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Indian Hockey win Sultan Azlan Shah Cup

IPOH, Malaysia (AFP) — India clinched their fourth Sultan Azlan Shah Cup when they defeated hosts Malaysia 3-1 in the final here on Sunday, giving them a huge boost ahead of the Asia Cup next month.

The Indians, ranked 10th in the world, were last champions in 1995 but saw off the 15th-ranked Malaysians with three field goals.

It was notable also because it was the first match in the tournament here that skipper Sandeep Singh -- voted player of the tournament -- did not score a goal for India.

But it hardly mattered, as India started off the match with a goal in only the eighth minute through Arjun Halappa.

However, three minutes later Azlan Misron put Malaysia back on level terms with a strike from close range.

Prabhjot Singh and Shivender Singh made the game safe for India with field goals in the 20th and 41st minutes.

"It was a great day for Indian hockey as we are slowly getting back on our feet. Now is the time for us to look ahead at the Asia Cup, which will be held next month," said India coach Harender Singh.

Earlier, New Zealand took third place when they scored two early goals to beat Pakistan 2-1 in the third-fourth place play-off.

Pakistan coach Shahid Ali Khan was disappointed with the result but not the tournament overall.

"It is certainly not the result we wanted," he said.

"But overall this tournament has provided me with a lot of data on the players and we will have to work on the weaknesses before the Asia Cup next month."

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Review:Aayan

Star-casts: Surya, Thamannah, Jagan, Prabhu, Akashdeep Saigal and many others.
Production: AVM Productions, Sun Pictures
Direction: K.V. Anand
Music: Harris Jayaraj
Cinematography: M.S. Prabhu
Editing: Antony

Gangster stories, double-crossings, informers – This isn’t something clichéd when it comes to Tamil Cinema. Of course, we could’ve watched many times on the screens, but they weren’t something more precisely presented. K.V. Anand delivered his knack of blending an crucial concept with commercial elements right in his debut directorial ‘Kana Kandein’. Well, on the same tracks, ‘Ayan’ takes off with one such theme.

Deva (Surya) smuggles foreign goods, Gold and diamonds for Doss (Prabhu) who has bought him up right from his childhood… His sidekick Chitti Babu (Jagan) and a deaf driver (Karunaas) accompany him in all conniving acts. Deva and Chitti Babu turn to be close friends and indeed Chitti’s sister (Thamannah) falls in love with him. A good friend, a lovable sweetheart, A Caring Mom (Renuka) and a father-like Doss. What else does a man need than this? But Deva’s main impedimenta is through Kamalesh (Akashdeep Saigal) who keeps informing cops about the collusive tasks carried through Deva and Chitti. Doss doubts about the deaf driver to be the informer. Unfortunately, it’s really appalling when unraveled about the real informer.

Surya has adeptly carried through the performances top-notched. He’s extraordinarily matured compared to his previous flicks. He’s perfect with spellbinding stunts, decent romance and emotional sequences. Thamannah deserves commendable credits for the crème de la crème acting. She had done what many of our actresses failed to do on the screens other than skin shows and dancing horribly. Thank you Thamannah, we made us like your decent show. Prabhu steals the show and in many scenes his characterization goes powerful than Surya. Jagan has been portrayed with a stunning role that’s more than comedy. Certainly, the entire script revolves around him. Renuka deserves good comments while Akashdeep Saigal could’ve been presented with yet more rigid role.

Screenplay and characterization is more brilliant. K.V. Anand proves himself to be off a skilled filmmaker with an interesting narration. Merely, in the second half, the film looks bit flimsy in screenplay and anyhow, it makes up grandly towards the climax scene (Catch Me If You Can – Style). Most of the sequences have been inspired from ‘Lord of Wars’.

Harris’s musical scores works with couple of songs ‘Pala Palakura’ and ‘Vizhi Mudi Yosithal’. But why does he stumble more on background score is worth asking question. Cinematography is good at many parts and mediocre in few portions while Antony comes up with a matured touch unlike his previous films. Dialogues are catchy.

On the whole, ‘Ayan’ reveals about K.V. Anand’s real taste of good cinema. So, it’s a film worth watching and you’re sure to enjoy doing it so.

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Bahrain GP 2009

Jenson Button has taken victory in the Bahrain Grand Prix from fourth on the starting grid. The World Championship leader pulled clear of the chasing pack as Sebastian Vettel and pole-sitter Jarno Trulli completed the rostrum. Champion Hamilton finished fourth as Kimi Räikkönen scored Ferrari’s first points of the year.

Jenson Button had strong doubts over his chances in the Bahrain Grand Prix, especially after qualifying fourth on the grid in qualifying. Jarno Trulli and Timo Glock were the men to steal the show on Saturday by taking Toyota’s first ever front row lockout, with Sebastian Vettel’s heavier fuelled Red Bull lining up third. Temperatures soared to 38°C (100°F) at the start of the race, as weather conditions couldn’t have been any different to those in China last weekend.

The Toyotas made a strong getaway although it was Timo Glock who led at Turn 1, with Lewis Hamilton making a lightning start with KERS onboard to charge up to third place before passing pole man Trulli for second. The Italian duly retook the spot at Turn 4, as contact between the first two corners resulted in unscheduled pit stops for Massa, Nakajima and both BMWs.

Button found himself behind Hamilton, as expected, but was able to pass Sebastian Vettel. The Brawn team’s key to success, however, was being able to run for longer than those in front to be able to jump the pack after the first round of pit stops. Timo Glock, who led in the opening stint, was the big loser as he was overhauled and ran as low as eighth, eventually recovering to finish seventh, just behind Kimi Räikkönen who took Ferrari’s first points under the watchful gaze of company President Luca di Montezemelo.

Despite the many changes made to the cars for 2009, reliability was surprising good in the Middle Eastern summer heat as only Kazuki Nakajima retired in the final third of the Grand Prix, pulling into the Williams garage with technical problems. The race featured several exciting overtaking manoeuvres, the most spectacular of which came from Fernando Alonso on former team-mate Jarno Trulli during pit stop windows in the middle of the race, passing the Toyota around the outside of Turn 4.

Button was able to pull out a lead as big as 17 seconds during the race, thanks to the colossal duel for second between Trulli, Vettel and Hamilton. The World Champion slipped eight seconds behind the pair when using the Super Soft tyres for his last stint, although Trulli continued to chase Vettel right to the chequered flag after the Red Bull driver jumped the Toyota.

Button’s third win from four races this year hands him a 12-point lead over team-mate Rubens Barrichello with Vettel a further point behind. The Brawn GP team now leads the Constructors’ championship with 50 points, 22.5 ahead of Red Bull which holds second by just a single point from Toyota.

F1 now takes a two week break before returning to Europe where many teams will be introducing major updates to their cars for the Spanish Grand Prix in Barcelona on 10 May.

k-scheme syllabus

K-Syllabus

Sub Code: 15051

Computer Network And Security

UNIT	TOPIC
I	Data Communications
II	OSI Model and Data link layer
III	LAN Protocols and ISDN
IV	TCP/IP suit
V	Introduction to network security

Unit 1:

1.1 Data Communication :
Components of a data communication – Data flow: simplex – half duplex – full duplex; Networks – Network criteria – Types of Connections: Point to
point – multipoint; Topologies: Star, Bus, Ring, Mesh, Hybrid – Advantages and Disadvantages of each topology.

1.2 Types of Networks (Geographical Based):
LAN – MAN – WAN

1.3 Signals and Modulation:
Analog and Digital signals - Need for Modulation – Amplitude Modulation – Frequency Modulation – Pulse Modulation – Concepts only (no derivation).

1.4 Transmission Media :
Classification of transmission media - Guided – Twisted pair – Coaxial – Fiber optics – Unguided – Radio waves –Infrared – LOS – VSAT – cabling and
standards

1.5 Network devices:
Features and concepts of Hubs – Bridges – Switches - Routers – Gateways

Unit 2:

2.1 Network Models:
Protocol definition - standards - OSI Model – layered architecture –
functions of all layers.

2.2 Error detection & correction:
Types of errors – detection versus correction – CRC – Hardware implementation - parity check and checksum – Hamming code.

2.3 Flow and Error control:
Introduction – ARQ – Stop & Wait ARQ – Features and disadvantages of stop-and-wait ARQ - Go- Back - N – ARQ – Selective repeat ARQ - Comparison of Flow control protocols

Unit 3:

3.1 Character oriented Protocol:
BSC Frames – Bit oriented Protocol – HDLC – Transfer modes of HDLC – HDLC frame format - HDLC operation

3.2 802.X Protocols :
Concepts and PDU format of CSMA/CD (802.3) – Token bus (802.4) – Token ring (802.5) – Ethernet – type of Ethernet (Fast Ethernet, gigabit Ethernet) –
Comparison between 802.3, 802.4 and 802.5

3.3 FDDI :
Frame format – Advanatges and disadvantages of FDDI.

3.4 Switching :
Circuit– Packet– Message.

3.5 ISDN : Concepts – Services – Layers – Broad Band ISDN.

Unit 4:

4.1 Overview of TCP / IP :
OSI & TCP/IP – Transport Layers Protocol – connection oriented and connectionless Services – Sockets - TCP & UDP.

4.2 Network Layers Protocol :
IP – Interior Gateway Protocols (IGMP, ICMP, ARP, RARP Concept only).

4.3 IP Addressing :
Subnetting & Supernetting – Dotted Decimal Notation – IPv6 (concepts only)

4.4 Application Layer Protocols:
FTP– Telnet – SMTP– HTTP – DNS – POP.

Unit 5:

5.1 Introduction to network security:
definition & basic concepts – Basic concepts of RAID levels ( 0,1 and 5).

5.2 Types of attacks:
Access attacks –modification attacks – denial of service attacks.

5.3 Hacker Techniques:
Historical Hacking techniques & open sharing – bad passwords – advanced techniques sniffing switches networks–Malicious code identification–viruses–
Trojan horses–worms - SPAM.

5.4 Threats:
Definition – Targets- Agents – Events

5.5 Firewall :
Types –Developing firewalls

5.6 VPN:
Definition – Benefits – Issues – VPN – Server– Authentication – System – VPN Protocol.

Reference Books:

1. Data Communication and networking - Behrouz A.Forouzan Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi
2. Computer Communication Networks - Achyut S. Godbole Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi
3. Data and Computer Communications - William Stallings Prentice-Hall of India, Eighth Edition
4. Computer Networks Andrew - S.Tanenbaum Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi
5. Network Security A beginner’s Guide Eric Maiwald Tata Mc Graw-Hill., Second Edition

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Full Syllabus & Reference Books

Sub Code: 15052

UNIT	TOPIC
I	Basic Concepts
II	Client/Server Technology & Relational Database Approach
III	Structured Query Language
IV	PL/SQL
V	Enhanced Database Models

Unit 1:

Introduction:
Definition of Data, Data base and DBMS – Need for database –Advantages of database Systems - File based database systems – Disadvantages –
Record based database systems - Data base characteristics

Database terms :
Concurrency, Consistency, Data Availability, Reliability, Transparency Data Integrity

Components of a DBMS:
Database Engine – Data Dictionary – Query Processor –Report Writer – Forms Generator – Application Generator -Security

Data abstraction:
Schema – Data independence- Architecture of a database system DBMS system architecture types: Personal computer system – Centralized system –
Client / Server system – Distributed system.

Data models:
Relational – Hierarchical – Network.

Unit 2:

Client/server technology:
Client – server – distributed and co-operative processing – peer- to-peer processing – application components - transaction management

Relational data structure:
Relation – Domains & Attributes – Keys – Extensions – Intensions – Data structures – Tables – Data Integrity – Manipulation views – managing
data concurrency in a multi–user system - Data Security – Data Availability.

Table:
Columns, Rows, Primary Key, Secondary Key, Foreign key

E-R model:
Entities and attributes – Relationships – One to one –One to many - Many to one – Many to Many relationships – Normalizing the model.

Normalization: Introduction - 1NF - 2NF – 3NF - guidelines – Codd’s Rules.

Database Administration :
DBA Tasks – DBA Tools – User Privileges - Performance monitoring and tuning – query tracing - Backup and Recovery

Unit 3:

Data Definition Language:
Statements - Data Manipulation Language – statements - Retrieval operations

SQL Commands :
Selecting Columns from a table, Selecting Rows from a table - Built– in functions – Update Operations

Queries :
Simple query – where clause – group by – order by clauses -sub queries – correlated sub-queries. Set Operations – Union, minus

Constraints :
Alter table – table-level constraints.

Base Table:
Indexes – types – simple – compound ; Join – types – simple – Equi-join,
Non-equi join, self join, outer join

Creating and using Views:
creating a view, querying a view of more than one table.

Working with Numbers :
Displaying Numbers, Arithmetic Expressions

Functions and Operators:
Number Functions - sin(), cos(), tan(), sqrt(), Aggregate functions –count(), avg() Conversion functions – to_char(), to_date(), NVL(), Date
Functions – sysdate(), months_between(), add_moths(), Arithmetic, Logical and set Operators

Transaction control statements:
Commit, rollback, savepoint

Triggers:
Trigger definition – Trigger Events - Built-in Trigger – User defined Trigger – database triggers

Unit 4:

Introduction :
variables – literals – data types – advantages of PL/SQL

Control statements :
if ; iterative control – loop, while, for , goto ; exit when

Cursors :
Types – implicit, explicit – parameterized cursors – cursor attributes

Exceptions:
Types – internal , user-defined , handling exceptions – raise statement

PL/SQL tables and records:
Declaring PL/SQL tables - referring PL/SQL tables, inserting and fetching rows using PL/SQL table, deleting rows; records - declaration of
records - deleting records

Sub programs:
Functions - procedures - in, out, inout parameters; purity functions - packages - package specification - advantages of packages - private and public items -
cursors in packages.

Unit 5:

Data warehousing :
Definition - DSS and EIS ( Definition) - Characteristics and functioning and architecture of Data Warehousing - Data marts - Data warehousing Life
Cycle - data modeling (Multidimensional Database) for data warehousing - Building of data warehouse - OLAP, MOLAP, ROLAP - Data warehouse and views - Future open issue for data warehouse

Data Mining :
What is data mining Technology - Relationship to Data warehousing - Association rules - Classification - Clustering - Approaches to data mining problems -
Applications of Data mining problem - Commercial tools of data mining - Knowledge Discovery

Reference Books:

1. Database Management System - Date ,C.J., Galgotia Publications
2. Fundamentals of Database System - Elmasri, R.A.,Navathe, Shyam B. Narosa Publishing House.
3. Database Management System - Post, Gerald V ,Tata McGraw-Hill, 2004
4. An introduction to Database Systems - Bipin C Desai Galgotia Publications ( P) Ltd., 2005
5. Database system concepts - Abraham Silberschatz, Henry F Korth and Sudharshan S Mc Graw Hill Publishin Company Limited, 2004
6. Database Management Systems - Raghu Ramakrishnan Mc Graw Hill Publishing Company Limited, 2004

.net

Sub Code: 15071

UNIT	TOPIC
I	Introduction to .Net Framework
II	Introduction to VB.Net
III	Application Development on .Net
IV	Introduction to ASP.Net
V	XML Web Services

Unit 1

1.1 Introduction to .NET framework :
Managed Code and the CLR- Intermediate Language, Metadata and JIT Compilation - Automatic Memory Management.

1.2 Language Concepts and the CLR:
Visual Studio .NET - Using the .NET Framework.

1.3 The Framework Class Library:
.NET objects - ASP .NET - .NET web services – Windows Forms

Unit 2:

2.1 Elements :
Variables and constants – data types – declaration. Operators – types – precedence. Expressions. Program flow – Decision statements – if .. then, if..then..else, select..case– Loop statements – while..end while, do..loop, for..next, for..each..next.

2.2 Types:
Value data types – Structures, Enumerations. Reference data types- Single-dimensional – Multi-dimensional arrays – jagged arrays – dynamic arrays

2.3 Windows programming:
Creating windows Forms – windows controls – Button, Check box, Combo box, Label, List box, Radio Button, Text box. Events – Click, close, Deactivate, Load, Mousemove, Mousedown, MouseUp.

2.4 Menus and Dialog Boxes:
Creating menus – menu items – context menu - Using dialog boxes – showDialog() method.UNIT - III APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT USING ADO .NET

Unit 3:

3.1 Features of ADO.NET:
Architecture of ADO.NET – ADO.NET providers – Connection – Command – Data Adapter – Dataset.

3.2 Accessing Data with ADO.NET:
Connecting to Data Source, Accessing Data with Data set and Data Reader - Create an ADO.NET application - Using Stored Procedures.

Unit 4:

4.1 ASP.NET Features:
Change the Home Directory in IIS - Add a Virtual Directory in IIS- Set a Default Document for IIS - Change Log File Properties for IIS - Stop, Start, or Pause a Web Site.

4.2 Creating Web Controls:
Web Controls - HTML Controls, Using Intrinsic Controls, Using Input Validation Controls, Selecting Controls for Applications - Adding web controls to a Page.

4.3 Creating Web Forms:
Server Controls - Types of Server Controls - Adding ASP.NET Code to a Page.

Unit 5:

5.1 Overview of XML :
XML Serialization in the .NET Framework -SOAP Fundamentals-Using SOAP with the .NET Framework.

5.2 Introduction to web services:
Web Services protocol and standards – WSDL Documents - Overview of UDDI - Calling a Web Service from a Browser - Calling a Web Service by Using a Proxy - Creating a simple web service - Creating and Calling a Web Service by Using Visual Studio .NET.

Reference Books:

1. Introduction to Visual basic.NET - NIIT Prentice Hall of India,2005
2. Introducing Microsoft .NET- David S. Platt Microsoft Press”, Saarc Edition, 2001
3. Introduction to Microsoft® ASP.NET Work Book - Microsoft- Microsoft Press
4. Developing XML Web Services Using Microsoft® ASP.NET -Microsoft- Microsoft Press
5. Designing Microsoft ASP.NET Applications-Douglas J. Reilly-Microsoft Press
6. ASP.NET-Danny Ryan and Tommy Ryan-Hungry Minds Maran Graphics
   

Embeded System

Sub Code: 14062

UNIT	TOPIC
I	ARM Introduction
II	LPC 2148 ARM CPU
III	LPC 2148 Peripherals
IV	Oprating Systems Overview
V	µC/OS-II

Unit 1:

Introduction - The ARM Architecture Overview - Instruction set Summary - Processor operating states- Memory formats - Memory Interface - Bus interface signals - Addressing
signals Addressing timing - Data Timed Signals - Debug interface - Debug systems - Debug interface signals - ARM7TDMI Core and system state - About Embedded ICE-RT Logic – Instruction Set.

Unit 2:

Introduction: - Architectural Overview - Memory Mapping -Block Diagram - System control block functions: PLL - Power Control - Reset - VPB Divider - Wakeup Timer - Memory Acceleration Module - Timer0 and Timer1- PWM - RTC - On Chip ADC - On Chip DAC- Interrupts- Vector Interrupt Controller.

Unit 3:

General Purpose Input/Output Ports (GPIO) - Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Trasmitter (UART) - I2C Interface – Multimaster and Multislave communication - SPI Interface - SSP Controller – USB 2.0 Device Controller.

Unit 4:

Introduction OS – Function of OS – Defining an RTOS – Differences in Embedded Operating Systems – Introduction to Kernel – Resources – Shared Resources - Defining a Task – Task States -Multitasking - Scheduling and Scheduling Algorithms - Context Switching – Clock Tick – Timing of Task.

Unit 5:

Introduction – Features and Goals of µC/OS – II – Requirements of µC/OS – II - Support Devices for µC/OS – II – File Structure in µC/OS – II - Task Management Functions – Creating a Task - Time Management Functions – OS Delay Functions - Implementation of Scheduling and rescheduling.

Reference Books:

1. Embedded Systems Architecture - Tammy Noergaard
2. ARM System Developer’s Guide – Andrew N.Sloss
3. ARM Architecture Reference Manual - David Seal
4. ARM System-on-Chip Architecture (2nd Edition) by Steve Furbe
5. MicroC/OS – II The Real Time Kernel Jean J. Labrosse
6. Real Time Concepts for Embedded Systems – by Qing Li and Caroline Yao
7. Embedded / Real Time Systems : Concepts , Design & Programming by Dr. K.V.K.K
   PRASAD 1. LPC 2148 User Manual